What's the difference between sticker price and net price?
The sticker price is what the college advertises. Net price is what you actually pay after grants, scholarships, and other free aid (not loans). At many private colleges, over 80% of students receive aid — average net price at private nonprofits is often $30,000–$35,000/year, not $55,000+. Every college is required to have a net price calculator on their website. Use it. The sticker price is often meaningless for middle-income families at high-cost schools with generous aid.
Is a 529 plan worth it?
Yes, for most families. 529 plans offer tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals for qualified education expenses. Many states also offer a state income tax deduction on contributions. The main risk: if your child doesn't go to college, you can now roll up to $35,000 into a Roth IRA (SECURE 2.0 Act, 2024). You can also change the beneficiary to another family member. Starting early matters enormously — $200/month from birth at 6% grows to ~$73,000 by age 18.
How much student loan debt is too much?
A useful rule: total student loan debt at graduation should not exceed your expected first-year salary. If you expect to earn $55,000 starting out, borrowing more than $55,000 creates serious repayment strain. Monthly payment on $55,000 at 6.54% for 10 years = $622/month — about 14% of $4,583/month take-home. Over $27,000 in federal undergraduate loans requires Parent PLUS or private loans at higher rates.
What is FAFSA and when should I file?
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) determines eligibility for federal grants (Pell Grant, up to $7,395/year), federal loans, and federal work-study. Most states and colleges also use FAFSA for their own aid programs. File as early as possible after October 1 each year — some aid is first-come, first-served. Your application is based on prior-prior year income, so you can file immediately on October 1. Not filing FAFSA means leaving potentially thousands in grants on the table.
Is community college a smart financial choice?
For most students, community college for the first two years then transferring to a 4-year school is one of the best financial moves available. You complete general education requirements at $4,000–$6,000/year instead of $25,000–$55,000/year, then transfer for the junior and senior years. Many states have guaranteed transfer agreements between community colleges and state universities. The result: a bachelor's degree from a state university with community college pricing for half the credits.
What is the Pell Grant and who qualifies?
The Pell Grant is federal grant aid that does not need to be repaid. Maximum award in 2024–25: $7,395/year. Eligibility is based on financial need (calculated through FAFSA from family income and assets). Students from families earning under $30,000 typically receive maximum awards. The grant phases out gradually — some award is available to families earning up to approximately $60,000. You must be an undergraduate student and enrolled at least half-time.